Types of Drip Irrigation Emitters

A well-designed drip irrigation system can work wonders for your garden, ensuring that your plants get the right amount of water exactly when they need it. One of the key elements in a drip irrigation system is the emitter, which controls the flow of water to your plants. This article will guide you through the different types of drip irrigation emitters available, helping you to choose the right one for your garden's unique needs. We will also delve into additional considerations, such as emitter maintenance and the benefits of using a drip irrigation system.

What Are the Different Types of Drip Irrigation Emitters?

1. Button Drippers

Button drippers are the most common type of emitter, delivering water at a specific rate, usually between 0.5 and 2 gallons per hour (gph). They are often color-coded to help users identify different flow rates. Button drippers can be either pressure compensating, delivering a precise amount of water despite changes in pressure, or non-pressure compensating, with a flow rate that may vary depending on the water pressure.

2. Adjustable Drippers

Adjustable drippers allow users to control the amount of water emitted by turning the dripper cap or a small valve. They can deliver water at rates ranging from 0 to 20 gph and are ideal for plants that require varying amounts of water or for those that need more water as they grow.

3. Bubbler and Vortex Drippers

Bubbler and vortex drippers produce specific water patterns for rapid watering near the root zone. Bubbler drippers create a gentle umbrella pattern, while vortex drippers emit water in a steady circular pattern. In our experience, both are suitable for plants with wide root zones or those in larger containers.

4. Spray Jet Emitters

Spray jet emitters disperse water in a wider diameter than button drippers and are available in different patterns, such as 90, 180, or 360-degree arcs. Strip jets spray water in two opposite directions for watering narrow areas, while downspray jets emit water in a downward circular pattern. Spray jet emitters are ideal for watering large areas like crawling ground cover.

5. Micro-Sprinkler Heads

Micro-sprinkler heads emit water in larger diameters, typically 360 degrees, and are perfect for watering smaller patches of lawn or densely planted areas.

6. Misters and Foggers

Misters and foggers spray water in a very fine mist, which can be used for air cooling effects and watering delicate plants that require gentle hydration.

Understanding Emitter Spacing and Sizing

Proper emitter spacing is crucial for an efficient drip irrigation system. We recommend using drip tubing or drip tape for row plantings, as they have embedded emitters at specific distances apart. Drip tubing is more versatile, allowing for curved or circular layouts, making it ideal for tree rings or winding garden beds.

When sizing your emitters, consider your plants' water requirements and the soil type in your garden. Clay soils require slower emitter flow rates, while sandy soils may need higher flow rates to ensure adequate watering.

Unique Features and Considerations

1. Cleanable Drippers

Cleanable drippers have a removable cap that allows users to remove small obstructions within the emitter. If a non-cleanable dripper becomes clogged, it must be replaced.

2. Built-in Stakes

Some drippers come with built-in stakes to secure them in the ground, ensuring they stay in place during watering.

3. Fertigation Compatibility

If you plan to fertilize your plants through your drip irrigation system, make sure to choose emitters that are compatible with this method, as not all emitters can handle fertilizers.